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The Evolution Site The concept of natural selection as the basis of evolution is the central force in the field of modern biology. It ties together disciplines such as genetics, microbiology and palaeontology. The study of evolution can be controversial, and the misinformation that is generated can cause confusion about its basic concepts. This site clarifies essential concepts. What is Evolution? The modern understanding of evolution focuses on the gradual and cumulative changes that happen within populations over time. These changes are caused by natural selection, a process that increases the amount of organisms that have beneficial traits that allow them to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. In turn, these organisms have more offspring than those that do not have the beneficial traits. This causes a genetic change that can eventually lead to the development of new species. The term “evolution” is often associated with the notion of “survival of the fittest” which implies that those individuals who are best adapted to a specific environment will have an advantage over those who are not well-adapted. In reality it is only one of many ways that evolution can occur. Another popular way to use the term “evolution” is to suggest that species are able to move from one stage to the next. This type of view of evolution could be described as anagenetic or cladogenesis. The scientific definition of evolution does not support this idea. The theory of evolution that is based on science change is based on changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are caused by mutations which result in natural selection and genomic variation. Some scientists, such as the great Charles Darwin, advocated this theory of evolution. Others, notably Alfred Russel Wallace, who came up with the macroevolution theory, believed that this was the only way that the higher forms of life could have evolved from the lower forms. For a concept to be referred to as a theory, it must be able to stand up to rigorous testing and evidence. Evolution has stood the test of time, and has been backed by countless scientific disciplines from geology to biology the sciences of astronomy to chemistry. In fact evolution is regarded as one of the fundamental tenets of science today, and it is backed by the vast majority of scientists around the world. Many people have misconceptions regarding the nature of evolution theory particularly how it is connected with religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is a scientific explanation of how living things change over time. It is based on a few established facts: that more offspring are produced than can survive and that different individuals have their physical characteristics, and that they are able to pass on traits to future generations. These findings are backed by a growing body of evidence drawn from molecular biology, palaeontology and climatology functional geology and morphology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was conceived independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the late 19th century to provide an explanation for how organisms adapt to their physical and biological environment. It is currently the most well-supported and widely-tested theory in all of science. Its predictions were confirmed by the fact that for instance, more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations. In addition the more efficient an organism is in surviving and reproducing and reproducing, the more likely it will be to pass on its genes to the next generation. Some people are against evolution because they believe that it implies that there is no purpose for life. However, a lot of scientists who are also religious believers such as the renowned Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution is not just compatible with belief in God but can be enhanced by it (BioLogos 2014). In reality, a large number of highly qualified evolutionary biologists, including some who are respected evangelical Christian leaders have been involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these scientists contributed to the understanding of a vast array of phenomena, such as genomics and phylogenetics, as well as the formation and function of fossils. The term “theory” is often used in a wrong sense to mean a guess or speculation, when in fact it refers to a scientific idea that has been rigorously evaluated and refined over time. Scientists test their hypotheses by repeating the experiments or observations that have led to them. Therefore, the theory of evolutionary theory has been repeatedly confirmed as have the corresponding theories of Copernican theory as well as atomic theory and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 of evolution is the gradual shift over time in the ratio of genetically distinct individuals within a particular species. This is the result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are more adapted to their environment. The people who are more adaptable have better chances of reproduction and survival. As more people survive and reproduce their genes are more widely distributed within the population. This process is sometimes referred to as “survival of the strongest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that result in genomic variation are the raw material for evolution. These mutations may occur randomly or under the influence of the environment. If mutations are random, the frequencies of the resulting alleles may differ from generation to generation. In contrast, when the mutation is beneficial it can increase the frequency of the allele, which causes it to spread across the population. Over time, these changes in allele frequencies can lead to the formation of new species. The new species can then grow and evolve into newer forms. This is a process called macroevolution. The development of an entirely new species is typically caused by changes in the environment which make certain kinds of resources available or cause new environmental problems. For instance, the rise of finches in the Galapagos Islands is a result of the abundance of food sources and the need to defend themselves from predators. In a wider context the term “evolution” refers to any change that occurs in the traits of living organisms over time. The change could be minor like the development of a new coloration or even massive, like the development of a brand new organ. Scientists who believe in evolution theory generally believe that genetic change is important in creating evolution. They also agree that the process of evolution occurs over a long period of time, typically millions of years. They differ in the importance of various factors that can accelerate or slow down the process. For instance the role played by sexual selection, environmental pressures and mutation bias. Despite these differences, the majority of scientists believe that evolution is happening and that evidence for this is overwhelming. What evidence can be found for evolution? In the decades since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to support Darwin's theory of evolution. Some of this evidence is derived from fossils which reveal the changing traits of organisms through time. Similarities between living and non-living organisms as well as embryology, biogeography, and genetics are further evidence. The evolutionary tree is the best method of proving evolution. It shows how species are closely related. Homologous structures are another proof. They have a similar structure but perform different functions in different species, for instance, the wing of a bat or bird. The fact that different species evolve and adapt to a similar environment is also evidence of evolution. For example, arctic foxes and ptarmigans grow seasonal white pelts to blend into snow and ice. This is a type of convergent evolutionary mechanism, which suggests that the species have shared common ancestors. Another piece of evidence is the existence of vestige structures, which are unused parts of an organism that may serve a purpose in a distant ancestor. The human appendix, for instance is an odour from an organ that once used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size as they are no longer utilized which is a process referred to as natural selection. Scientists have also gathered other evidence of evolution via observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be classified into six distinct categories: changes that can be observed at small scales, biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomy fossil records, genetics. Each of these categories provides compelling evidence for the evolution of life. Many people have misconceptions regarding the theory of evolution. However, it is an actual fact. It is not a theory but rather a powerful collection that is built on decades of observation. Scientists continue to collect and study new information to better understand the history of the Earth's life regardless of whether or not people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This knowledge will allow scientists to better understand how to prevent future global catastrophes, and how best to make use of the resources available on our planet. This information will also allow us to better meet the needs and desires of the people who live on this planet.